Know Dendrobium

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I. Dendrobium Growing Conditions
1. Elevation
Dendrobium actually has a high adaptability and can grow in the area at an altitude where more than 1000 meters above sea level. Dendrobium generally liked the heat than the cold regions, but several Dendrobium species can grow only in cold regions such as Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium cuthbertsonii.

2. Light
Dendrobium are epiphytes grow by riding on the other trees without harming its host. Therefore, Dendrobium requires only light intensity and duration of illumination is limited. The amount of required light intensity of about 1500 - 3000 footcandle (fc). In comparison, when the hot sun during the day, sunlight intensity range of about 7000 to 10,000 fc. Therefore, to overcome these Dendrobium requires shade to reduce the intensity of light (Trubus, 2005).

3. Humidity
The desired humidity Dendrobium orchids ranging from 60% - 85% and the range is so massive evaporation during the day can be prevented. While the humidity at night should not exceed 70% to suppress plant disease. This may be done degan how to keep the media is not too wet (Trubus, 2005).

4. Temperature
Air temperature greatly affects the metabolic processes of plants. High air temperatures accelerate the process of metabolism and low temperature to slow down. Dendrobium growth requires temperatures average 25oC-27oC to 21oC temperature-23oC minimum and maximum 31oC - 34oC. Temperature-27oC day and 32oC better, and the temperature at night 21oC-24oC. Similar to the way of increasing the humidity, the temperature rise during the day can be suppressed by manipulating the fog and watering in the neighborhood (Trubus, 2005).

5. Water availability
The exact location of Dendrobium orchid cultivation must have adequate water availability, it is an absolute requirement especially during the dry season comes. Dendrobium do like water but should not be excessive. Water use during rapid vegetative growth rate, the young shoots to grow and before flowering. However, reduced water needs during the flower stalks grow and decrease in the period up until the blooming flower buds. (Trubus, 2005).

6. Wind
Good air exchange, smooth, and organized health very supportive of orchids. But the wind is blowing too hard can break the flower stalks. Keaadan appropriate wind is blowing wind breeze gently swaying to create the leaf and stem, and safe for the flowers (Osman and inscriptions, in 1994 Puspitasari, 2005).

II. Dendrobium morphology
1. Leaf
Dendrobium has a lancet-shaped leaves, slender and lancet lancet rounded to the size and thickness varies. Leaf out of the rod segments and each segment comes with 1-2 pieces of leaf position, face to face or in pairs. However, some species where the leaves sit facing in one segment. During the life cycle 1 Dendrobium experiencing growth periods 2-3, the vegetative, generative and some species and the long dormancy of each period depending on the species and their habitats.

2. Flowers
Dendrobium flower consists of:
a). Sepal (flower petals)
Sepal bright, consists of 3 strands of lancet-shaped, tapered or rounded and sizes vary. Sepal middle sepallum called the dorsal or eyelids back. While the two side called sepal or petal sepal lateral side. Sepal base spurs united to form a triangle.

b). Petal
Petal of three strands with third Petal below is part of a united and form the lips of flowers. Petal-shaped generally more rounded and bigger and smoother texture than the sepal. Petal colors similar except for the sepal Petal-shaped lips brighter flower color.

c). Lip (labellum)
This section is the development of the third Petal. In some species the size of the lips can be enlarged and more brightly colored. His lips are split into 3 and the bottom one with the spur interest

d). Tugu Interest (coloumn)
Monument is a gathering place flowers or flower container genitals. Dibagian monument is located midway between male and female flowers

e). Pollen (male genitalia)
Polen numbered 4, arranged in small rostellum and 2nd round. Large size range, small, even very subtle. Polinia pale yellow to bright yellow, which appears on the monument bagain.


f). Pistil (female genitalia)
Pistil normally located next to the monument is covered by the male genitalia.

g). Ovaries ('d stores)
Fruits would lie in the base of the flower. (Trubus, 2005).

3. Trunk
Dendrobium stem the growth pattern of the type of growth simpodial rod tip straight up and limited. Growth will stop after reaching the maximum point of the next new shoots or seedlings out of the rhizome and roots grow. Beruas generally stem-segments with almost the same length. Good Dendrobium is the fresh trunked, based on green, and when pressed does not blow out.
In orchids are epiphytes that have root simpodial false or Pseudobulb. Based on observations of Dendrobium stems look inflate like tubers or bulbus. Storage organ function to store water and food reserves. Actually, these bulbs are not true bulbs but only the enlarged stems.

4. Fruit
Dendrobium orchid fruit on the result of natural pollination is done animal pollinators such as insects or crosses made by man. Successful pollination within 3 - 4 months will take the form of fruit and ripe fruit will be broken in the middle. Dendrobium orchid fruit is green, large, and inflate in the middle. Shaped like a capsule or berry split into six parts. Three of them came from the remaining true ribs where the leaf attached two different fruits. In the merging of the leaves of fruit formed the seeds of orchids. Orchid seeds have no endosperm that orchid seed germination needs sugar and other compounds from the environment

5. Roots
Dendrobium orchids have roots or roots attached substrate and air roots. Root function is used as a drag attached plants, while the air root crops for survival. Roots wrapped in tissue shaped like a sponge and attached to other plants. Part of the root surface contours horizontal rod attached, with a number of root hair short, adorned the roots. Healthy roots of white Dendrobium orchid thick, at the end of the active roots of bright green, root length, number of lots, and the end of the taper (Trubus, 2005).

References
Trubus. 2005. Anggrek Dendrobium. Jakarta : PT Trubus Swadaya

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